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		<title>Reparative Therapy, Homosexuality, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=91</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2011 17:48:03 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[2012 Presidential Election Posts]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Reparative Therapy, Homosexuality, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ Tuesday, July 19, 2011 Each U.S. presidential election cycle brings its own set of unexpected issues, and the 2012 race already offers one topic of controversy that truly sets it apart — a debate over forms of therapy that attempt to change an individual’s sexual orientation. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.albertmohler.com/2011/07/19/reparative-therapy-homosexuality-and-the-gospel-of-jesus-christ/"></a><br />
Reparative Therapy, Homosexuality, and the Gospel of Jesus Christ</p>
<p>Tuesday, July 19, 2011</p>
<p>Each U.S. presidential election cycle brings its own set of unexpected issues, and the 2012 race already offers one topic of controversy that truly sets it apart — a debate over forms of therapy that attempt to change an individual’s sexual orientation.</p>
<p>Known as reparative therapy or sexual orientation conversion therapy, these approaches seek to assist individuals in changing their sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual. The cultural and political debate over reparative therapy emerged when a clinic run by Marcus Bachmann, husband of Republican candidate Rep. Michele Bachmann, was accused of offering treatment and counseling intended to change sexual orientation.</p>
<p>Virtually all of the secular professions that deal with sexual orientation are stalwartly opposed to reparative therapy, or to any attempt to change one’s pattern of sexual attraction. Indeed, these groups hold to an inflexible ideology that insists that there is absolutely nothing wrong with homosexuality. These groups include, for example, the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the National Association of Social Workers, among many others.<br />
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<p>In 2008, a number of these groups released a statement on sexual orientation and youth that began with the stated premise that “both heterosexuality and homosexuality are normal expressions of human sexuality.” Thus, the groups argue that any attempt to change an individual’s sexual orientation is likely to be harmful. The “Just the Facts Coalition” also included groups such as the National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers. A statement adopted in 2000 by the American Psychiatric Association declares that the APA “opposes any psychiatric treatment, such as reparative or conversion therapy which is based upon the assumption that homosexuality per se is a mental disorder or based upon the a priori assumption that the patient should change his/her sexual homosexual orientation.”</p>
<p>This controversy will inevitably demonstrate the basic worldview divide that separates the secular therapeutic community and evangelical Christians. The politicians, the mental health industry, and the media will have their own debate on the matter, but Christians now face the urgent challenge of thinking about these issues in a way that is fully biblical and theological — and thus faithful to the Gospel of Jesus Christ.</p>
<p>First, we face the fact that the Bible clearly, repeatedly, consistently, and comprehensively reveals the sinfulness of all homosexual behaviors. This truth is set within the larger context of the Bible’s revelation concerning the Creator’s plan and purpose for human sexuality — a context that is centered in the marital union of a man and a woman as the exclusive arena for human sexual activity. This flies in the face of the contemporary demand for the full normalization of homosexuality. As the joint statement of the “Just the Facts Coalition” declares, “both heterosexuality and homosexuality are normal expressions of human sexuality.”</p>
<p>The normalization of homosexuality simply cannot be accepted by anyone committed to biblical Christianity. The new secular orthodoxy demands that Christians abandon the clear teachings of Scripture, and Christians must understand that the sinfulness of all homosexual behaviors is not only a matter of biblical authority, but also of the Gospel. To deny that sin is sin is to deny our need for the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Christians cannot accept any teaching that minimizes sin, for it is the knowledge of our sin that points us to our need for atonement, salvation, and the forgiveness of that sin through the cross of Jesus Christ.</p>
<p>Second, we must recognize that every human being is a sinner and that every sinner’s pattern of sexual attraction falls short of the glory of God. There is no sinner of physical maturity who will be able to say that he or she has never had a sinful thought related to sex or sexuality. Taking the Bible’s teachings about sin and sexuality with full force, we understand that every sinful human being is in need of redemption, and that includes the redemption of our sexual selves.</p>
<p>Actually, the Bible speaks rather directly to the sinfulness of the homosexual orientation — defined as a pattern of sexual attraction to a person of the same sex. In Romans 1:24-27, Paul writes of “the lusts of their hearts to impurity,” of “dishonorable passions,” of women who “exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature,” and of men who “gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another.” A close look at this passage reveals that Paul identifies the sinful sexual passion as a major concern — not just the behavior.</p>
<p>At this point, the chasm between the biblical and secular worldview looms ever larger. The modern secular consensus is that an individual’s pattern of sexual attraction, whether heterosexual or homosexual, is just a given and is to be considered normal. More than that, the secular view demands that this pattern of sexual orientation be accepted as integral to an individual’s identity. According to the secular consensus, any effort to change an individual’s sexual orientation is essentially wrong and harmful. The contemporary therapeutic worldview is virtually unanimous in this verdict, but nothing could be more directly at odds with the Gospel of Jesus Christ.</p>
<p>The New Testament reveals that a homosexual sexual orientation, whatever its shape or causation, is essentially wrong, contrary to the Creator’s purpose, and deeply sinful. Everyone, whatever his or her sexual orientation, is a sinner in need of redemption. Every sinner who comes by faith to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and be saved knows the need for the redemption of our bodies — including our sexual selves. But those whose sexual orientation is homosexual face the fact that they also need a fundamental reordering of their sexual attractions. About this, the Bible is clear. At this point, once again, the essential contradiction between the Christian worldview and the modern secular worldview is clear.</p>
<p>Third, Christians understand that sinners are simultaneously completely responsible for their sin and completely unable to redeem themselves from their sin. Sinners may improve themselves morally, but they cannot mitigate to any degree their need for redemption. Indeed, moralism is a false gospel that suggests that we can please God by moral improvement. As Isaiah warns, the only righteousness of which we are capable amounts to “filthy rags.” [Isaiah 64:6] The law reveals what is good for us and what is sinful, but the law is powerless to save us. [Romans 8:3]</p>
<p>The law of God reveals our sin, and our sin reveals our need for a Savior. Paul’s own testimony about the law, his knowledge of his own sin, and the redemption that was his in Christ is clear when he writes to the Romans: “Wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death? Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord!” [Romans 7:24-25] This is every Christian’s testimony.</p>
<p>Thus, we recognize that, without redemption, there is no eternal hope for the sinner. Even in terms of moral improvement in this earthly life, the non-Christian lacks union with Christ, the indwelling Holy Spirit, and the means of grace that alone can conform the believer to the image of Christ. Thus, for the non-Christian, the most that can be hoped for is a responsible determination to cease practicing an immoral behavior. The Bible holds no hope for the sinner’s ability to change his or her heart.</p>
<p>In other words, a biblical Christian will have no fundamental confidence in any secular therapy’s ability to change a sinner’s fundamental disposition and heart, and this includes every aspect of the sinner’s life, including sexuality.</p>
<p>This is where the Gospel-centeredness of the Christian worldview points us to the cross of Christ and to the sinner’s fundamental need for redemption, not mere moral improvement. The Bible offers no hope for any human ability to change our sinful desires. As the modern secular worldview generally acknowledges, the alcoholic who stops drinking remains an alcoholic. The secular world affirms that this is so. The Bible explains why it is so.</p>
<p>Fourth, the Christian cannot accept any argument that denies what the Bible reveals about the sanctification of believers — including the sanctification of our sexuality. The believer in the Lord Jesus Christ receives the forgiveness of sins, the gift of eternal life, and the righteousness of Christ imputed by faith. But the redeemed Christian is also united with Christ, indwelt by the Holy Spirit, and given means of grace through, for example, the preaching of the Word of God. The Bible reveals that God conforms believers to the image of Christ, doing that work within the human heart that the sinful human himself or herself cannot perform. The Bible reveals that believers are to grow into Christlikeness, knowing that this is a progressive process that will be completed only with our eventual glorification at the end of the age. In this life, we know a process of growing more holy, more sanctified, and more obedient to Christ. In the life to come, we will know perfection as Christ glorifies his Church.</p>
<p>This means that Christians cannot accept any argument that suggests that a fundamental reorientation of the believer’s desires in a way that increasingly pleases God and is increasingly obedient to Christ is impossible. To the contrary, we must argue that this process is exactly what the Christian life is to demonstrate. As Paul writes, “Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come.” [2 Corinthians 5:17]</p>
<p>The Bible is also honest about the struggle to overcome sin and sinful desires. Paul writes about this in Romans 7, but the exhortations of the entire New Testament also make this clear. Christians with same-sex sexual desires must know that these desires are sinful. Thus, faithful Christians who struggle with these desires must know that God both desires and commands that they desire what He wills for them to desire. All Christians struggle with their own pattern of sinful desires, sexual and otherwise. Our responsibility as Christians is to be obedient to Christ, knowing that only He can save us from ourselves.</p>
<p>Christians cannot avoid the debate over reparative therapy, nor can we enter the debate on secular terms. We must bring to this conversation everything we know from God’s Word about our sin and God’s provision for sinners in Christ. We will hold no hope for any sinner’s ability to change his or her own heart, and we will hold little hope for any secular therapy to offer more than marginal improvement in a sinner’s life.</p>
<p>At the same time, we gladly point all sinners to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, knowing that all who call upon the name of the Lord will be saved. [Romans 10:13] We hold full confidence in the power of the Gospel and of the reign of Christ within the life of the believer. We know that something as deeply entrenched as a pattern of sexual attraction is not easily changed, but we know that with Christ all things are possible.</p>
<p>And, even as Christians know that believers among us struggle to bring their sexual desires into obedience to Christ, this is not something true only of those whose desires have been homosexual. It is true of all Christians. We will know that those believers who are struggling to overcome homosexual desires have a special struggle — one that requires the full conviction and support of the body of Christ. We will see the glory of God in the growing obedience of Christ’s redeemed people. And, along with the Apostle Paul and all the redeemed, we will await the glory that is yet to be revealed to us.</p>
<p>I am always glad to hear from readers. Write me at mail@albertmohler.com. Follow regular updates on Twitter at www.twitter.com/AlbertMohler</p>
<p>Documentation:</p>
<p>Just the Facts About Sexual Orientation and Youth: A Primer for Principals, Educators, and School Personnel, (Just the Facts Coalition/American Psychological Association, 2008). [Full document available here as a PDF file.]</p>
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		<title>Forget &#8220;Merry Christmas&#8221; in the Mall &#8211; This is the Best Presentation Ever</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=74</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Nov 2010 17:21:41 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Handel\&#039;s Messiah at Macy\&#039;s &#8211; Merry Christmas!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href='http://www.creativeminorityreport.com/2010/11/awesome-pop-up-hallelujah-chorus-at.html' >Handel\&#039;s Messiah at Macy\&#039;s  &#8211;  Merry Christmas!</a></p>
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		<title>Tamara Lowe</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=72</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2010 23:45:16 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Music]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Please check this out.  It is fantastic. Amazing Jesus Rap by Christian Mom from littlejoey on GodTube.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Please check this out.  It is fantastic.<br />
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.godtube.com/embed/source/9099mjnu.js?w=400&#038;h=255&#038;ap=true&#038;sl=true&#038;title=true"></script>
<p><a href="http://www.godtube.com/watch/?v=9099MJNU">Amazing Jesus Rap by Christian Mom</a> from <a href="http://www.godtube.com/littlejoey">littlejoey</a> on <a href="http://www.godtube.com/">GodTube</a>.</p>
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		<title>Planned Parenthood: Force doctors to do abortions Law firms gear up to defend right of conscience</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=61</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2009 18:52:02 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH Planned Parenthood: Force doctors to do abortions Law firms gear up to defend right of conscience Posted: January 23, 2009 12:25 am Eastern © 2009 WorldNetDaily Experts for the Alliance Defense Fund and Christian Legal Society are gearing up to defend three laws that allow medical professionals to follow their conscience and [...]]]></description>
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<hr size="1" noshade="noshade" /><!-- standing head --><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #440000;"><strong>MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH</strong></span></p>
<p><!-- end standing head --> <!-- head --><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: Palatino,Georgia,Times New Roman,Times,serif; color: #000000;">Planned Parenthood: <em>Force</em> doctors to do abortions</span></p>
<p><!-- end head --> <!-- deck --><span style="font-size: xx-small; font-family: Palatino,Georgia,Times New Roman,Times,serif; color: #000000;">Law firms gear up to defend right of conscience</span></p>
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<hr size="1" /><span>Posted: January 23, 2009<br />
12:25 am Eastern</span></p>
<p><!--- copywrite only show on NON commentary pages as per joseph meeting 8/23/06   --><span> <!-- copyright --> © 2009 WorldNetDaily <!-- end copyright --> </span></p>
<p><!-- begin bodytext -->Experts for <a href="http://www.alliancedefensefund.org/">the Alliance Defense Fund</a> and Christian Legal Society are gearing up to defend three laws that allow medical professionals to follow their conscience and not participate in abortions.</p>
<p>&#8220;Medical professionals should not be forced to perform abortions against their conscience,&#8221; said Casey Mattox,  litigation counsel with the CLS&#8217;s Center for Law &amp; Religious Freedom.</p>
<p>&#8220;Planned Parenthood, the ACLU and their pro-abortion allies are seeking to punish pro-life medical professionals for their beliefs,&#8221; Mattox said. &#8220;Far from arguing for &#8216;choice,&#8217; these lawsuits seek to compel health care workers to perform abortions or face dire consequences.&#8221;</p>
<p>The public-interest legal groups have filed motions to intervene in three separate lawsuits that seek to invalidate a federal law protecting medical professionals from discrimination because they refuse to participate in abortions.</p>
<p>Three pro-life medical associations are seeking to defend the law against challenges by some state officials, Planned Parenthood, and the National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association, represented by the American Civil Liberties Union.</p>
<p>The actions came as <a href="http://www.marchforlife.org/">the 2009 March for Life was taking place in Washington,</a> when several hundred thousand people gathered to seek protections for the unborn, including the overturning of the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court opinion in Roe vs. Wade that struck down abortion limits in states.</p>
<p>&#8220;For over three decades, federal law has prohibited recipients of federal grants from forcing medical professionals to participate in abortions,&#8221; said ADF Legal Counsel Matt Bowman. &#8220;The arguments in the lawsuits themselves demonstrate lack of compliance with these laws and the necessity of the regulation they are challenging.&#8221;</p>
<p>Attorney Andrew Knott is assisting as local counsel in the latest dispute in Connecticut.</p>
<p>The Christian Medical Association, Catholic Medical Association, and American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists, represented by CLS and ADF attorneys, are asking to be allowed to defend the law, 45 CFR Part 88, enacted in December by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p>
<p>Noting a pattern of grant recipients unaware of or flouting existing laws protecting medical professionals&#8217; rights of conscience, HHS enacted the new law to require grantees to certify compliance in order to receive funds. The three long-standing statutes are the Church Amendment, the Coats-Snowe Amendment and the Weldon Amendment.</p>
<p>The three pro-life <a id="KonaLink0" class="kLink" style="text-decoration: underline ! important; position: static;" href="http://wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&amp;pageId=86859#" target="undefined"><span style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; position: static; color: blue;"><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; position: static; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Georgia,Serif; color: blue;">medical </span><span class="kLink" style="font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; position: static; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Georgia,Serif; color: blue;">groups</span></span></a> point out that denying rights of conscience could harm access to healthcare for all by forcing medical professionals who refuse to perform abortions to either relocate from jurisdictions that force them to do so or leave the profession altogether.</p>
<p>Today President Obama, who as a state lawmaker in Illinois objected to requiring doctors to provide medical care for infants who survive abortions, affirmed his support for virtually unlimited abortion on demand.</p>
<p>Obama was issued a challenge by <a href="http://www.marchforlife.org/">March for Life</a> officials, who had invited him to address their annual march and rally.</p>
<p>The organization challenged Obama to &#8220;watch the evil deed of a surgical abortion to know what it looks like to pull off the head, arms and legs of a preborn human.&#8221;</p>
<p>The  organization noted, &#8220;There is a commercial killing site within a few blocks of the White House.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>A Letter to President Obama</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=59</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:41:28 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[A Letter to President Obama by Rep. Trent Franks (more by this author) Posted 01/20/2009 ET Dear President Barack Obama, History and the human family find themselves at a crossroads as you take the oath of office to become the 44th President of the United States. I am told you are the first to request [...]]]></description>
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<p><span class="printable_headline">A Letter to President Obama</span></p>
<div class="printable_byline">by <a class="author_byline" href="http://www.humanevents.com/search.php?author_name=Rep.+Trent+Franks">Rep. Trent Franks</a> <a class="printable_moreauthor" href="http://www.humanevents.com/search.php?author_name=Rep.%20Trent+Franks">(more by this author)</a></div>
<div class="printable_postdate">Posted 01/20/2009 ET</div>
<div class="printable_body">Dear President Barack Obama,</p>
<p>History and the human family find themselves at a crossroads as you take the oath of office to become the 44th President of the United States. I am told you are the first to request to be sworn in with your hand on the same Bible used by Abraham Lincoln when he took the same oath.</p>
<p>In the days, years, and generations to come, many voices will speak to the profound symbolism of this gesture on your part.  History will also record whether or not you honored those noble principles held in the heart of Abraham Lincoln; that all of God&#8217;s children have the right to live, and be free, and to pursue their dreams.</p>
<p>This is one Republican with the sincerest prayer that history will confirm that you did.</p>
<p>May I submit that the surest hope of such a confirmation is for you and the Nation to remember why we built that grand white granite memorial along the Potomac to Mr. Lincoln, and why we revere him so deeply.</p>
<p>We honor Abraham Lincoln most because he found within himself the humanity and courage to transcend the politics and convention of his day, to recognize the child of God in a slave, which both the tide of public opinion and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision had declared to be a nonperson, and unprotectable by law.</p>
<p>History found Abraham Lincoln a faithful steward of the hope, human dignity, and deliverance of those who bore the image of God in the shame of slavery; and now it waits to witness President Barack Obama&#8217;s stewardship of the hope, human dignity, and deliverance of those who bear the image of God in unborn silence.</p>
<p>Yes, it is true, Mr. President, that no issue since slavery has divided Democrats and Republicans so deeply as abortion.  Yet, the two issues are so profoundly similar.  In both cases, the innocent victims were arbitrarily dehumanized in the name of freedom.  And yes, it will be easy for you to listen to the voices of those who still today, in the name of freedom, would deprive the innocent of both life and liberty. Certainly, their familiar phrases prevailed for a time in the days of slavery.</p>
<p>However, is it possible that in hindsight, and with the weight of history on your shoulders, that you might find the courage to reject this insidious deception that has crushed so many lives across history, and that relentlessly pursues this nation still?</p>
<p>Mr. Lincoln did.  He said, &#8220;Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not themselves, and under a just God, cannot long retain it.&#8221;  That is why we love him, and built our memorial to him.</p>
<p>So, as you lay your hand upon his Bible, Mr. President, may I adjure you to listen, in the stillness of your own heart, to the faint cries for mercy from those little souls who now look to you for hope; and to the words printed in red on the pages beneath your hand which will be declared again in eternity&#8217;s final day;</p>
<p>“Inasmuch as you have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, you have done it unto me.”</p></div>
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<td width="100%">Trent Franks, a Republican, represents the 2nd Congressional District of Arizona.</td>
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		<title>How the Democrats Created the Financial Crisis: Kevin Hassett</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=52</link>
		<comments>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=52#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2008 20:13:34 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[2008 Election]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[How the Democrats Created the Financial Crisis: Kevin Hassett Commentary by Kevin Hassett Sept. 22 (Bloomberg) &#8212; The financial crisis of the past year has provided a number of surprising twists and turns, and from Bear Stearns Cos. to American International Group Inc., ambiguity has been a big part of the story. Why did Bear [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class="news_story_title">How the Democrats Created the Financial Crisis: Kevin Hassett </span></p>
<p>Commentary by Kevin Hassett</p>
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<p>Sept. 22 (Bloomberg) &#8212; The financial crisis of the past year has provided a number of surprising twists and turns, and from <a onmouseover="return escape( popwQuoteShort( this, 'JPM:US' ))" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=JPM%3AUS">Bear Stearns Cos.</a> to <a onmouseover="return escape( popwQuoteShort( this, 'AIG:US' ))" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=AIG%3AUS">American International Group Inc.</a>, ambiguity has been a big part of the story.</p>
<p>Why did Bear Stearns fail, and how does that relate to AIG? It all seems so complex.</p>
<p>But really, it isn&#8217;t. Enough cards on this table have been turned over that the story is now clear. The economic history books will describe this episode in simple and understandable terms: <a onmouseover="return escape( popwQuoteShort( this, 'FNM:US' ))" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=FNM%3AUS">Fannie Mae</a> and <a onmouseover="return escape( popwQuoteShort( this, 'FRE:US' ))" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=FRE%3AUS">Freddie Mac</a> exploded, and many bystanders were injured in the blast, some fatally.</p>
<p>Fannie and Freddie did this by becoming a key enabler of the mortgage crisis. They fueled Wall Street&#8217;s efforts to securitize subprime loans by becoming the primary customer of all AAA-rated subprime-mortgage pools. In addition, they held an enormous portfolio of mortgages themselves.</p>
<p>In the times that Fannie and Freddie couldn&#8217;t make the market, they became the market. Over the years, it added up to an enormous obligation. As of last June, Fannie alone owned or guaranteed more than $388 billion in high-risk mortgage investments. Their large presence created an environment within which even mortgage-backed securities assembled by others could find a ready home.</p>
<p>The problem was that the trillions of dollars in play were only low-risk investments if real estate prices continued to rise. Once they began to fall, the entire house of cards came down with them.</p>
<p>Turning Point</p>
<p>Take away Fannie and Freddie, or regulate them more wisely, and it&#8217;s hard to imagine how these highly liquid markets would ever have emerged. This whole mess would never have happened.</p>
<p>It is easy to identify the historical turning point that marked the beginning of the end.</p>
<p>Back in 2005, Fannie and Freddie were, after years of dominating Washington, on the ropes. They were enmeshed in accounting scandals that led to turnover at the top. At one telling moment in late 2004, captured in an article by my <a onmouseover="return escape( popwOpenWebSite( this ))" href="http://www.aei.org/" target="_blank">American Enterprise Institute</a> colleague <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Peter+Wallison&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Peter Wallison</a>, the Securities and Exchange Comiission&#8217;s chief accountant told disgraced Fannie Mae chief <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Franklin+Raines&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Franklin Raines</a> that Fannie&#8217;s position on the relevant accounting issue was not even &#8220;on the page&#8221; of allowable interpretations.</p>
<p>Then legislative momentum emerged for an attempt to create a &#8220;world-class regulator&#8221; that would oversee the pair more like banks, imposing strict requirements on their ability to take excessive risks. Politicians who previously had associated themselves proudly with the two accounting miscreants were less eager to be associated with them. The time was ripe.</p>
<p>Greenspan&#8217;s Warning</p>
<p>The clear gravity of the situation pushed the legislation forward. Some might say the current mess couldn&#8217;t be foreseen, yet in 2005 <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Alan+Greenspan&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Alan Greenspan</a> told Congress how urgent it was for it to act in the clearest possible terms: If Fannie and Freddie &#8220;continue to grow, continue to have the low capital that they have, continue to engage in the dynamic hedging of their portfolios, which they need to do for interest rate risk aversion, they potentially create ever-growing potential systemic risk down the road,&#8221; he said. &#8220;We are placing the total financial system of the future at a substantial risk.&#8221;</p>
<p>What happened next was extraordinary. For the first time in history, a serious Fannie and Freddie reform bill was passed by the <a onmouseover="return escape( popwOpenWebSite( this ))" href="http://banking.senate.gov/public/" target="_blank">Senate Banking Committee</a>. The bill gave a regulator power to crack down, and would have required the companies to eliminate their investments in risky assets.</p>
<p>Different World</p>
<p>If that bill had become law, then the world today would be different. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, a blizzard of terrible mortgage paper fluttered out of the Fannie and Freddie clouds, burying many of our oldest and most venerable institutions. Without their checkbooks keeping the market liquid and buying up excess supply, the market would likely have not existed.</p>
<p>But the bill didn&#8217;t become law, for a simple reason: Democrats opposed it on a party-line vote in the committee, signaling that this would be a partisan issue. Republicans, tied in knots by the tight Democratic opposition, couldn&#8217;t even get the Senate to vote on the matter.</p>
<p>That such a reckless political stand could have been taken by the Democrats was obscene even then. <a onmouseover="return escape( popwOpenWebSite( this ))" href="http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22514/pub_detail.asp" target="_blank">Wallison wrote</a> at the time: &#8220;It is a classic case of socializing the risk while privatizing the profit. The Democrats and the few Republicans who oppose portfolio limitations could not possibly do so if their constituents understood what they were doing.&#8221;</p>
<p>Mounds of Materials</p>
<p>Now that the collapse has occurred, the roadblock built by Senate Democrats in 2005 is unforgivable. Many who opposed the bill doubtlessly did so for honorable reasons. Fannie and Freddie provided mounds of materials defending their practices. Perhaps some found their propaganda convincing.</p>
<p>But we now know that many of the senators who protected Fannie and Freddie, including <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Barack+Obama&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Barack Obama</a>, <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Hillary+Clinton&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Hillary Clinton</a> and <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Christopher+Dodd&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Christopher Dodd</a>, have received mind-boggling levels of financial support from them over the years.</p>
<p>Throughout his political career, Obama has gotten more than $125,000 in campaign contributions from employees and political action committees of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, second only to Dodd, the Senate Banking Committee chairman, who received more than $165,000.</p>
<p>Clinton, the 12th-ranked recipient of Fannie and Freddie PAC and employee contributions, has received more than $75,000 from the two enterprises and their employees. The private profit found its way back to the senators who killed the fix.</p>
<p>There has been a lot of talk about who is to blame for this crisis. A look back at the story of 2005 makes the answer pretty clear.</p>
<p>Oh, and there is one little footnote to the story that&#8217;s worth keeping in mind while Democrats point fingers between now and Nov. 4: Senator <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=John+McCain&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">John McCain</a> was one of the three cosponsors of <a onmouseover="return escape( popwOpenWebSite( this ))" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:SN00190:@@@P" target="_blank">S.190</a>, the bill that would have averted this mess.</p>
<p>(<a onmouseover="return escape( popwSearchNews( this ))" href="http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=Kevin+Hassett&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1">Kevin Hassett</a>, director of economic-policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, is a Bloomberg News columnist. He is an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain of Arizona in the 2008 presidential election. The opinions expressed are his own.)</p>
<p>To contact the writer of this column: Kevin Hassett at  <a onmouseover="return escape( popwSendEmail( this ))" href="mailto:khassett@aei.org">khassett@aei.org</a></p>
<p><em>Last Updated: September 22, 2008  00:04 EDT</em></p>
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		<title>Opening Address by the Honorable Carlo Casini, MEP</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=43</link>
		<comments>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=43#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 2008 01:42:25 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Opening Address by the Honorable Carlo Casini, MEP at the Alliance Defense Fund National Litigation Academy – ROME July 2008 I am delighted to open this conference of lawyers where we will be discussing the service that justice can render to the highest values of judicial order, namely religious liberty, the right to life, and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left;">
<p>Opening Address by the Honorable Carlo Casini, MEP at the Alliance Defense Fund National Litigation Academy – ROME July 2008</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I am delighted to open this conference of lawyers where we will be discussing the service  that justice can render to the highest values of judicial order, namely religious liberty, the  right to life, and the family as based on marriage between man and woman.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I bring best wishes from the Italian ProLife Movement of which I am President, from the  Forum of Family Groups, and as well the organization ‘Science &amp; Life’ of which I am  both a member and former director.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I am most impressed by the Christian foundations of your organization and the flavor it  gives to this Conference. In my contribution I would like to speak primarily about the  right to life and the responsibilities of lawyers in this regard. I know that the strong roots  of human dignity come from God for whom man is an expression of His love. I am  convinced that to meditate on man, is to begin a journey which inevitably leads towards  God.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">‘Man’, wrote John Paul II ‘is the way of the church.’ I know that the struggle to defend  life, the family and religious liberty demands huge strength, tenacity and wisdom, which  can only come with God’s special help. I wholeheartedly share your ideals and your  methods.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I am reminded today to offer you some thoughts relating to our common identify as  members of the legal profession. At times – certainly in Italy – it is said that the defense  of human life has little to do with the legal system. Culture and conscience are  considered to be more important. It is not so. Law is the expression of collective  reasoning, it guides human action, it influences the way people think. And there is a<br />
strong link between the right to life and the law. Rights are in fact about relationships  between people. In acknowledging the right of another we affirm our own. Wherever  there are rights there is society.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In modern times attacks against human life have multiplied, denying it both value and  very existence, particularly in those most significant moments that are birth and death.   Paradoxically this has come about at the same time as the Universal Declaration of  Human Rights has answered two age-old questions: ‘What distinguishes law from the  rule of the most powerful?’ and ‘What distinguishes the State from a well-organized  association of malefactors?’</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, repeated a hundred times in other  International Acts and National Constitutions, it is stated that the basis of justice consists  in the recognition of the dignity of everyone who belongs to the human race. From this we can deduce that if the scope of both law and the State is to defend human dignity, then  law can never be the rule of the strongest nor the State an organization for wrongdoing.   It is on this basis that advocates who battle for the right to life also battle for the integrity  of law.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I would like to share a brief personal experience. As with many young people who  choose the difficult profession of law, I was first drawn to the idea of the dissemination  of justice. I was uncertain, however, between the role of advocate or magistrate. It  seemed to me that advocacy was inevitably compromised by the interests of the clients,  obliging one to serve the powerful and the rich.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">So I chose the road of magistrate, becoming a Public Attorney and then Judge. But at a  certain stage my career encountered what I term ‘the great injustice’. This was not  simply the legalisation of abortion accepted en masse, culturally, and offered as a social  service, but combined with the negation of the definition of “human” to entire categories  of human beings, who were excluded by reason of their very special weakness.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">So I started to behave in a way which is contrary to the role of magistrate, which should  be one of silence, the avoidance of polemic, keeping a rigorous distance from politics.   Instead I started giving conferences, writing, actively participating in the issues at stake.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I acquired a better understanding of justice and the weak and their relationship to law,  and so I became a lawmaker in order to effect change to unjust legislation, first as a  Member of the Italian Government and currently as a Member of the European  Parliament.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Now, no longer young, I keep getting the urge to start all over again! To register once  more as an advocate and to exercise the forensic profession I rejected in those early days.   Why? Because I feel the urgency of answering a call to justice. Who calls? Those who  cannot defend themselves, who have need of greater support, who are oppressed and who  suffer injustice. Law is the ultimate strength of the weak. The strong, those in power,  can defend themselves. If they are right they can obtain justice on their own. The<br />
helpless cannot. They need the law in order to defend themselves against the injustices of  authority and the powerful.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Though he be deprived of wealth and power, the law must continue to be man’s defense.   Without capacity to reason, to think, to speak intelligently, to work and be useful, the law  must still be there for him. Whether the individual is insane, beggared, sick or a burden  on society, the law would have no purpose were it not there to defend all mankind. It is  within this context that we find the human embryo, calling out to be defended. Who is  weaker or poorer than the human embryo? The most extreme poverty is exemplified by<br />
his invisibility. He can only be visualised through reason. But individual reason can  waver, often bowing to the demands of the strongest. The human embryo must be made  visible by that collective reasoning which defends the weak, namely the law.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">It seems to me that a network of lawyers who place their professional skills not just at the  service of the economic interests of citizens, but in order to give voice to the voiceless is  most praiseworthy. Such legal processes and judgments are hugely important and  influence many different countries. This is not so much the case in commerce and  economics, but when the arguments are about abortion, euthanasia, genetic manipulation,  artificial reproduction and the family; then what an American judge decides influences<br />
other judges worldwide. In Europe the judgments of the Union are affected by decisions  from member states and from the International and European Courts. So both judges and  lawyers must be aware of a great sense of responsibility. The outcome of a trial does not  affect simply the individual case itself, but more or less the whole world.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I believe that all bioethical questions are concentrated in the single question: What is  man?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Many believe that the answer should come from doctors, philosophers, theologians. It is  my opinion, however, that lawyers also have a very important role to play. There are at  least three important aspects to their juridical duty.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The first aspect relates to equality. It is written that the law is equal for everybody and  that all are equal before the law. No criteria regarding human life can be accepted by  modern jurists if it introduces discrimination between humans. Once biology has given  its definition, the nature of any living human being must be accepted in law.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Secondly the jurist cannot accept that the word ‘person’ is used to discriminate between  humans. We must highlight that which is written in charters of the rights of man that  ‘everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.’ (Art 6 of  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art 16 of International Agreement on Civil  Rights 1966; Arts 1 &amp; 3 of the American Convention of San Jose’, Costa Rica, in 1969.)</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">
And finally, the jurist knows what his response must be when there is doubt about  whether a person is alive or not. The precautionary principle demands that in cases of  disaster, shipwreck, catastrophes resulting in the disappearance of people, the search must continue as long as doubt remains as to whether anyone might still be alive. In fact in all  declarations of presumed death, in the disappearance of a person, this is only permitted  when all reasonable doubt can be excluded. Why should we think differently about the<br />
human embryo, just because some deny its humanity?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">I am happy to cite what our Italian National Bioethics Committee declared on 26th June  1996:<br />
‘The committee has reached a unanimous decision regarding our moral duty to protect  the human embryo, from the moment of fertilization, according to the criteria of respect  and protection that are due to individual humans to whom we commonly attribute the  characteristic of human personhood.’</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">It is also of extraordinary importance what is written in Article 1 of our law No 40 on  Medically Assisted Procreation which ‘guarantees the rights of all those involved  including the embryo.’</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The nobility of the task entrusted by history to the advocates of life is made evident in the  following passage from a judgment of the Hungarian Constitutional Court 17.12.91.  ‘The juridical status of man should be updated to reflect concepts of humanness revealed  by science and public opinion, and therefore should extend through the prenatal period,  from the moment of conception. The nature and importance of this extension can be  compared in significance only to the abolition of slavery; with this man would reach his  highest possible status and his perfection: all the various concepts of man would be one.’</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Thank you for the invitation to speak to you and for your attention.</p>
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		<title>Barack Obama’s Stealth Socialism</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=33</link>
		<comments>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=33#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2008 23:43:45 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[2008 Election]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Barack Obama’s Stealth Socialism By INVESTOR&#8217;S BUSINESS DAILY &#124; Posted Monday, July 28, 2008 4:20 PM PT Election &#8217;08: Before friendly audiences, Barack Obama speaks passionately about something called &#8220;economic justice.&#8221; He uses the term obliquely, though, speaking in code — socialist code. During his NAACP speech earlier this month, Sen. Obama repeated the term [...]]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 2pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Barack Obama’s   Stealth Socialism</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">By INVESTOR&#8217;S BUSINESS   DAILY | Posted Monday, July 28, 2008 4:20 PM PT</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Election &#8217;08:</span></strong><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> Before friendly audiences, Barack   Obama speaks passionately about something called &#8220;economic   justice.&#8221; He uses the term obliquely, though, speaking in code —   socialist code.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">During his NAACP speech earlier this month, Sen. Obama repeated the term at least four times. &#8220;I&#8217;ve been working my entire adult life to help build an America where economic justice is being served,&#8221; he said at the group&#8217;s 99th annual convention in Cincinnati.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">And as president, &#8220;we&#8217;ll ensure that economic justice is served,&#8221; he asserted. &#8220;That&#8217;s what this election is about.&#8221; Obama never spelled out the meaning of the term, but he didn&#8217;t have to. His audience knew what he meant, judging from its thumping approval.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">It&#8217;s the rest of the public that remains in the dark, which is why we&#8217;re launching this special educational series.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;Economic justice&#8221; simply means punishing the successful and redistributing their wealth by government fiat. It&#8217;s a euphemism for socialism.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">In the past, such rhetoric was just that — rhetoric. But Obama&#8217;s positioning himself with alarming stealth to put that rhetoric into action on a scale not seen since the birth of the welfare state.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">In his latest memoir he shares that he&#8217;d like to &#8220;recast&#8221; the welfare net that FDR and LBJ cast while rolling back what he derisively calls the &#8220;winner-take-all&#8221; market economy that Ronald Reagan reignited (with record gains in living standards for all).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Obama also talks about &#8220;restoring fairness to the economy,&#8221; code for soaking the &#8220;rich&#8221; — a segment of society he fails to understand that includes mom-and-pop businesses filing individual tax returns.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">It&#8217;s clear from a close reading of his two books that he&#8217;s a firm believer in class envy. He assumes the economy is a fixed pie, whereby the successful only get rich at the expense of the poor.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Following this discredited Marxist model, he believes government must step in and redistribute pieces of the pie. That requires massive transfers of wealth through government taxing and spending, a return to the entitlement days of old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Of course, Obama is too smart to try to smuggle such hoary collectivist garbage through the front door. He&#8217;s disguising the wealth transfers as &#8220;investments&#8221; — &#8220;to make America more competitive,&#8221; he says, or &#8220;that give us a fighting chance,&#8221; whatever that means.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Among his proposed &#8220;investments&#8221;:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Universal,&#8221; &#8220;guaranteed&#8221; health care.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Free&#8221; college tuition.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Universal national service&#8221; (a la Havana).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Universal 401(k)s&#8221; (in which the government would match contributions made by &#8220;low- and moderate-income families&#8221;).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Free&#8221; job training (even for criminals).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Wage insurance&#8221; (to supplement dislocated union workers&#8217; old income levels).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• &#8220;Free&#8221; child care and &#8220;universal&#8221; preschool.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• More subsidized public housing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• A fatter earned income tax credit for &#8220;working poor.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">• And even a Global Poverty Act that amounts to a Marshall Plan for the Third World, first and foremost Africa.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">His new New Deal also guarantees a &#8220;living wage,&#8221; with a $10 minimum wage indexed to inflation; and &#8220;fair trade&#8221; and &#8220;fair labor practices,&#8221; with breaks for &#8220;patriot employers&#8221; who cow-tow to unions, and sticks for &#8220;nonpatriot&#8221; companies that don&#8217;t.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">That&#8217;s just for starters — first-term stuff.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Obama doesn&#8217;t stop with socialized health care. He wants to socialize your entire human resources department — from payrolls to pensions. His social-microengineering even extends to mandating all employers provide seven paid sick days per year to salary and hourly workers alike.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">You can see why Obama was ranked, hands-down, the most liberal member of the Senate by the National Journal. Some, including colleague and presidential challenger John McCain, think he&#8217;s the most liberal member in Congress.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">But could he really be &#8220;more left,&#8221; as McCain recently remarked, than self-described socialist Sen. Bernie Sanders (for whom Obama has openly campaigned, even making a special trip to Vermont to rally voters)?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Obama&#8217;s voting record, going back to his days in the Illinois statehouse, says yes. His career path — and those who guided it — leads to the same unsettling conclusion.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The seeds of his far-left ideology were planted in his formative years as a teenager in Hawaii — and they were far more radical than any biography or profile in the media has portrayed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">A careful reading of Obama&#8217;s first memoir, &#8220;Dreams From My Father,&#8221; reveals that his childhood mentor up to age 18 — a man he cryptically refers to as &#8220;Frank&#8221; — was none other than the late communist Frank Marshall Davis, who fled Chicago after the FBI and Congress opened investigations into his &#8220;subversive,&#8221; &#8220;un-American activities.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">As Obama was preparing to head off to college, he sat at Davis&#8217; feet in his Waikiki bungalow for nightly bull sessions. Davis plied his impressionable guest with liberal doses of whiskey and advice, including: Never trust the white establishment.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;They&#8217;ll train you so good,&#8221; he said, &#8220;you&#8217;ll start believing what they tell you about equal opportunity and the American way and all that sh**.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">After college, where he palled around with Marxist professors and took in socialist conferences &#8220;for inspiration,&#8221; Obama followed in Davis&#8217; footsteps, becoming a &#8220;community organizer&#8221; in Chicago.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">His boss there was Gerald Kellman, whose identity Obama also tries to hide in his book. Turns out Kellman&#8217;s a disciple of the late Saul &#8220;The Red&#8221; Alinsky, a hard-boiled Chicago socialist who wrote the &#8220;Rules for Radicals&#8221; and agitated for social revolution in America.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The Chicago-based Woods Fund provided Kellman with his original $25,000 to hire Obama. In turn, Obama would later serve on the Woods board with terrorist Bill Ayers of the Weather Underground. Ayers was one of Obama&#8217;s early political supporters.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">After three years agitating with marginal success for more welfare programs in South Side Chicago, Obama decided he would need to study law to &#8220;bring about real change&#8221; — on a large scale.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">While at Harvard Law School, he still found time to hone his organizing skills. For example, he spent eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training course taught by Alinsky&#8217;s Industrial Areas Foundation. With his newly minted law degree, he returned to Chicago to reapply — as well as teach — Alinsky&#8217;s &#8220;agitation&#8221; tactics.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">(A video-streamed bio on Obama&#8217;s Web site includes a photo of him teaching in a University of Chicago classroom. If you freeze the frame and look closely at the blackboard Obama is writing on, you can make out the words &#8220;Power Analysis&#8221; and &#8220;Relationships Built on Self Interest&#8221; — terms right out of Alinsky&#8217;s rule book.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Amid all this, Obama reunited with his late father&#8217;s communist tribe in Kenya, the Luo, during trips to Africa.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">As a Nairobi bureaucrat, Barack Hussein Obama Sr., a Harvard-educated economist, grew to challenge the ruling pro-Western government for not being socialist enough. In an eight-page scholarly paper published in 1965, he argued for eliminating private farming and nationalizing businesses &#8220;owned by Asians and Europeans.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">His ideas for communist-style expropriation didn&#8217;t stop there. He also proposed massive taxes on the rich to &#8220;redistribute our economic gains to the benefit of all.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;Theoretically, there is nothing that can stop the government from taxing 100% of income so long as the people get benefits from the government commensurate with their income which is taxed,&#8221; Obama Sr. wrote. &#8220;I do not see why the government cannot tax those who have more and syphon some of these revenues into savings which can be utilized in investment for future development.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Taxes and &#8220;investment&#8221; . . . the fruit truly does not fall far from the vine.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">(Voters might also be interested to know that Obama, the supposed straight shooter, does not once mention his father&#8217;s communist leanings in an entire book dedicated to his memory.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">In Kenya&#8217;s recent civil unrest, Obama privately phoned the leader of the opposition Luo tribe, Raila Odinga, to voice his support. Odinga is so committed to communism he named his oldest son after Fidel Castro.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">With his African identity sewn up, Obama returned to Chicago and fell under the spell of an Afrocentric pastor. It was a natural attraction. The Rev. Jeremiah Wright preaches a Marxist version of Christianity called &#8220;black liberation theology&#8221; and has supported the communists in Cuba, Nicaragua and elsewhere.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Obama joined Wright&#8217;s militant church, pledging allegiance to a system of &#8220;black values&#8221; that demonizes white &#8220;middle classness&#8221; and other mainstream pursuits.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">(Obama in his first book, published in 1995, calls such values &#8220;sensible.&#8221; There&#8217;s no mention of them in his new book.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">With the large church behind him, Obama decided to run for political office, where he could organize for &#8220;change&#8221; more effectively. &#8220;As an elected official,&#8221; he said, &#8220;I could bring church and community leaders together easier than I could as a community organizer or lawyer.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">He could also exercise real, top-down power, the kind that grass-roots activists lack. Alinsky would be proud.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Throughout his career, Obama has worked closely with a network of stone-cold socialists and full-blown communists striving for &#8220;economic justice.&#8221;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">He&#8217;s been traveling in an orbit of collectivism that runs from Nairobi to Honolulu, and on through Chicago to Washington.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Yet a recent AP poll found that only 6% of Americans would describe Obama as &#8220;liberal,&#8221; let alone socialist.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Public opinion polls usually reflect media opinion, and the media by and large have portrayed Obama as a moderate &#8220;outsider&#8221; (the No. 1 term survey respondents associate him with) who will bring a &#8220;breath of fresh air&#8221; to Washington.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The few who have drilled down on his radical roots have tended to downplay or pooh-pooh them. Even skeptics have failed to connect the dots for fear of being called the dreaded &#8220;r&#8221; word.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">But too much is at stake in this election to continue mincing words.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Both a historic banking crisis and 1970s-style stagflation loom over the economy. Democrats, who already control Congress, now threaten to filibuster-proof the Senate in what could be a watershed election for them — at both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">A perfect storm of statism is forming, and our economic freedoms are at serious risk.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Those who care less about looking politically correct than preserving the free-market individualism that&#8217;s made this country great have to start calling things by their proper name to avert long-term disaster.</span></p>
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		<title>A List of Obama’s Friends and Associates</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=25</link>
		<comments>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=25#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Sep 2008 02:13:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2008 Election]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=25</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Obama who? Concerned Citizens of the United States compiled by an Obama Who? writer; Obama’s friends and associates: And people wonder why we do not want him for President of the United States. These are just some of them we have found so far but we are still looking. Tony Rezko: Ties to Barack Obama [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/">Obama who?</a></h1>
<div class="description">Concerned Citizens of the United States</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000080;"><strong>compiled by an Obama Who? writer;</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000080;">Obama’s friends and associates: And people wonder why we do not want him for President of the United States. These are just some of them we have found so far but we are still looking.<span> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Tony Rezko: </span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.05in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Ties to Barack Obama</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In 1990, after Obama was elected president of the <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Harvard Law Review</span></a></em>, Rezmar Corp. offered him a job, which Obama turned down. Obama did end up taking a job with law firm Davis, Miner, Barnhill &amp; Galland,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-24">[25]</a></sup> which primarily worked civil rights cases, but also represented Rezmar and helped the company get more than $43 million in government funding and whose former senior partner, Allison S. Davis, later went into business with Rezko and, in 2003, was appointed to Illinois State Board of Investment by Governor Blagojevich at Rezko’s request.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6">[7]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-25">[26]</a></sup> On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_31"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">July 31</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">1995</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> the first ever political contributions to Obama were $300 from a lawyer, a $5,000 loan from a car dealer, and $2,000 from two food companies owned by Rezko.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup> Starting in 2003, Rezko was one of the people on Obama’s U.S. Senate campaign finance committee, which raised more than $14 million.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6">[7]</a></sup> Rezko threw an early fundraiser for Obama, and that fundraiser was instrumental in providing Obama with seed money for his U.S. Senate race.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-chicagomag-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-chicagomag-0">[1]</a></sup> Obama has since identified over $250,000 in campaign contributions to various Obama campaigns as coming from Rezko or close associates, and has in consequence donated almost two thirds of that amount to charity.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-27" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-27">[28]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-NYT-28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-NYT-28">[29]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Also, in 2005 Obama purchased a new home in the Kenwood District of Chicago for $1.65 million ($300,000 below the original price) on the same day that Rezko’s wife, Rita Rezko, purchased the adjoining empty lot from the same sellers for the full asking price.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Land_deal-29" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Land_deal-29">[30]</a></sup> Obama acknowledged bringing his interest in the property to Rezko’s attention,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-30" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-30">[31]</a></sup> but denied any coordination of offers. According to Obama, while the properties had originally been a single property, the previous owners decided to sell the land as two separate lots, but made it a condition of the sales that they be closed on the same date. Obama also said that the properties had been on the market for months, that his offer was the best of two bids, and that Ms. Rezko’s bid was matched by another offer, also of $625,000, so that she could not have purchased the property for less.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31">[32]</a></sup> Obama’s description of the purchase was later confirmed by the previous owner of the house.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-32" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-32">[33]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">After it had been reported in 2006 that Rezko was under federal investigation for influence-peddling, Obama purchased a 10 foot (3.0 m) wide strip of Ms. Rezko’s property for $104,500, $60,000 above the assessed value.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Land_deal-29" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Land_deal-29">[30]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-Novak-6">[7]</a></sup> According to <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Chicago Sun-Times</span></a></em> columnist, Mark Brown, “Rezko definitely did Obama a favor by selling him the 10-foot strip of land, making his own parcel less attractive for development.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-33" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-33">[34]</a></sup> Obama acknowledges that the exchange may have created the appearance of impropriety, and stated “I consider this a mistake on my part and I regret it.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31">[32]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_28"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">December 28</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2006</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Ms. Rezko sold the property to a company owned by her husband’s former business attorney. That sale of $575,000, combined with the earlier $104,500 sale to the Obamas, amounted to a </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_profit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_profit"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">net profit</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> of $54,500 over her original purchase, less $14,000 for a fence along the property line and other expenses.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-34" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-34">[35]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-35" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup> In October 2007, the new owners put the still vacant land up for sale again, this time for $1.5 million.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-36" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-36">[37]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In June 2007, the <em>Sun-Times</em> published a story about letters Obama had written in 1997 to city and state officials in support of a low-income senior citizen development project headed by Rezko and partner Allison Davis. The project received more than $14 million in taxpayer funds, including $885,000 in development fees for Rezko and Davis. Of Obama’s letters in support of the Cottage View Terrace apartments development, Obama spokesman Bill Burton said, “This wasn’t done as a favor for anyone, it was done in the interests of the people in the community who have benefited from the project. I don’t know that anyone specifically asked him to write this letter nine years ago. There was a consensus in the community about the positive impact the project would make and Obama supported it because it was going to help people in his district.” Rezko’s attorney responded that “Mr. Rezko never spoke with, nor sought a letter from, Senator Obama in connection with that project.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-37" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">South Carolina</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> Democratic Party presidential debate on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_21" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_21"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">January 21</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Senator </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Hillary Clinton</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> said that Obama had represented Rezko, who she referred to as a </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slumlord" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slumlord"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">slum landlord</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-38" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup> Obama responded that he had never represented Rezko and had done only about five hours work, indirectly, for Rezko’s firm.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-mistake-31">[32]</a></sup> Within days of the debate, a photo of Rezko posing with Bill and Hillary Clinton surfaced. When asked about the photo Hillary Clinton commented “I probably have taken hundreds of thousands of pictures. I wouldn’t know him if he walked in the door.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-39" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko#cite_note-39">[40]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Rezko</span></a></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Reverend Wright<span> </span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Relationship with Barack Obama</span></span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Barack Obama</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, a candidate for the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Democratic</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> nomination for President, first met Wright and joined his church in the 1980s, while he was working as a community organizer in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Chicago</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> before attending </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Harvard Law School</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-brachear1-23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-brachear1-23">[24]</a></sup> Wright officiated at the wedding ceremony of Barack and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Michelle Obama</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, as well as their children’s </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">baptism</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-obama1-4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-obama1-4">[5]</a></sup> The title of Obama’s memoir, <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope"><span style="color: #002bb8;">The Audacity of Hope</span></a></em>, was inspired by one of Wright’s sermons.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-brachear1-23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-brachear1-23">[24]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-obama1-4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-obama1-4">[5]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Wright was scheduled to give the public </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invocation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invocation"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">invocation</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> before Obama’s presidential announcement, but Obama withdrew the invitation the night before the event.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-kantor1-24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-kantor1-24">[25]</a></sup> Wright wrote a rebuttal letter to the editor disputing the characterization of the account as reported in an article in <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"><span style="color: #002bb8;">The New York Times</span></a></em>.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-25">[26]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In 2007 Wright was appointed to Barack Obama’s African American Religious Leadership Committee, a group of over 170 national black religious leaders who supported Obama’s bid for the Democratic nomination;<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup> however, it was announced in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">March 2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> that Wright was no longer serving as a member of this group.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-27" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-27">[28]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><a name="Political_controversy"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Political controversy</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 1.2pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><em><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Main article: </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Jeremiah Wright controversy</span></span></a></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In March 2008, a controversy broke out concerning Obama’s long-term relationship with Wright, his former pastor.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-28">[29]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-29" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-29">[30]</a></sup> ABC News found several racially and politically charged sermons by Wright.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-30" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-30">[31]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-31">[32]</a></sup> Some of Wright’s statements, such as when he said, “God Damn America”, were widely interpreted as being unpatriotic and deeply offensive.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-usatoday-32" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-usatoday-32">[33]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-adubato-msnbc-33" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-adubato-msnbc-33">[34]</a></sup> Some have noted that Wright’s quotes had been taken out of context, including in one case, where Wright was allegedly quoting Ambassador </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Peck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Peck"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Edward Peck</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-Martin1-34" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-Martin1-34">[35]</a></sup> Some have also noted that </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr."><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> made similar comments about </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._foreign_policy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._foreign_policy"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">U.S. foreign policy</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and claimed that America was the “greatest purveyor of violence in the world today”,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-35" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup> and at another point King stated: “America was founded on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">genocide</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, and a nation that is founded on genocide is destructive.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-36" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-36">[37]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Following negative media coverage and during a temporary drop in the polls,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-37" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup> Obama responded by condemning Wright’s remarks<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-38" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup> and delivering a speech entitled “</span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">A More Perfect Union</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">” at the Constitution Center in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Philadelphia</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Pennsylvania</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-39" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-39">[40]</a></sup> In the speech, Obama rejected Wright’s comments, but refused to disown the man himself.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-apracespeech-40" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-apracespeech-40">[41]</a></sup> Although the speech, which attempted to explain and contextualize the comments, was generally well-received,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-apracespeech-40" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-apracespeech-40">[41]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-41" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup> some continued to press the question of Obama’s long-standing relationship with Wright.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-42" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-42">[43]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-tpC20080318-43" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-tpC20080318-43">[44]</a></sup> When asked his opinion of the controversy, Wright said, “I felt it was unfair. I felt it was unjust. I felt it was untrue. I felt for those who were doing that, were doing it for some very devious reasons.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-44" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-44">[45]</a></sup> “I think they wanted to… put an element of fear and hatred and to stir up the anxiety of Americans who still don’t know the African-American tradition, know nothing about the prophetic theology of the African-American experience, who know nothing about the black church, who don’t even know how we got a black church.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-moyers_1-45" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-moyers_1-45">[46]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_26"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">April 26</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Wright appeared on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">PBS</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> in an interview with </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Bill Moyers</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, in which Wright responded to the criticisms of his sermons.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-moyers-46" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-moyers-46">[47]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On April 27, Wright gave a keynote address at the 53rd Annual Fight for Freedom Fund Dinner for the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Detroit</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> chapter of the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">NAACP</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">. In front of nearly 10,000, Wright gave a speech in which he referred to the controversy, saying, “I am not running for the Oval Office. I been running for </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Jesus</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> a long, long time, and I’m not tired yet!” Wright argued that Americans were beginning to change their attitudes and perceptions about differences among societal groups. Citing </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">linguistic</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogical" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogical"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">pedagogical</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeneutic"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">hermeneutic</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, and other differences, and contrasting varied </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicology"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">musicologies</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, he sought to show how black culture is “different” but not “deficient”, while saying that </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European-American" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European-American"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">European-American</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> culture has historically held it to be deficient, and punctuating his speech at numerous times with the dinner’s annual theme “A Change Is Going to Come”.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-47" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-47">[48]</a></sup> Earlier that day, he delivered a sermon to 4000 congregants at the Friendship-West Baptist Church in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Dallas</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-48" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-48">[49]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_28"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">April 28</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Wright made additional remarks, and also answered questions from reporters, at the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">National Press Club</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C."><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Washington, D.C.</span></span></a><sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-nationalpress-49" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-nationalpress-49"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">[50]</span></a></sup><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> He argued that his attention in the media was not only an attack on him, but also an attack on the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_church"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">black church</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> in general.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-nationalpress-49" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-nationalpress-49">[50]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">At a news conference the following April 29, Barack Obama decried Wright’s latest remarks as “a bunch of rants that aren’t grounded in the truth”.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-50" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-50">[51]</a></sup> He accused his former pastor of exploiting </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">racism</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and “giving comfort to those who prey on hate.” He characterized Wright’s </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club_(USA)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Press_Club_%28USA%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">National Press Club</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> appearance as a “spectacle” and described its content as “outrageous” and “destructive.”</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“After seeing Reverend Wright’s performance, I felt there was a complete disregard for what the American people are going through and the need for them to rally together to solve these problems,” he said. “What mattered to him was him commanding center stage.” Obama said he was “particularly angered” by Wright’s allegation that the candidate was engaging in political posturing when he denounced the minister’s earlier remarks. “If Reverend Wright considers that political posturing, then he doesn’t know me very well,” Obama said. “Based on his comments yesterday, well, I may not know him as well as I thought, either.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-51" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-51">[52]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On May 31, 2008, Obama announced that he had resigned from his membership in the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_United_Church_of_Christ" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_United_Church_of_Christ"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Trinity United Church of Christ</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, of which Wright had previously served as pastor. <sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-resign-52" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright#cite_note-resign-52">[53]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Louis Farrakhan</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This man received the lifetime achievement award from Obama’s church.<span> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.05in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Praise for Barack Obama</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Farrakhan said the war in Iraq, the nation’s faltering economy and the increased number of natural disasters were signs of “a nation in peril.” He said those problems provide the broader context for Obama’s rise. </span><a title="http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_4427.shtml" href="http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_4427.shtml"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">[7]</span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In response to Farrakhan’s remarks, the Obama campaign promptly released a response distancing himself from the Muslim minister:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">“Senator Obama has been clear in his objections to Minister Farrakhan’s past pronouncements and has not solicited the minister’s support,” said Obama spokesman Bill Burton.</span><a title="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-farrakhan25feb25,0,6391391.story" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-farrakhan25feb25,0,6391391.story"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">[8]</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> Obama himself rejected Farrakhan’s support in an NBC debate.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Farrakhan subsequently denied his comments constituted an endorsement saying, he would not tell any one of his followers how to cast their vote, but that they should vote “their own self-interest.” </span><a title="http://www.noi.org/statements/statement_02-24-2008.htm" href="http://www.noi.org/statements/statement_02-24-2008.htm"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">[9]</span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.05in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Other controversial quotes by Farrakhan</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 1.2pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">“The same year they set up the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">IRS</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, they set up the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">FBI</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">. And the same year they set up the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Anti-Defamation League</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> of B’nai B’rith… It could be a coincidence… [I want] to see black intellectuals free… I want to see them not controlled by members of the Jewish community.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-40" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-40">[41]</a></sup> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 1.2pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">“</span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Dewey</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kant"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kant</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegel"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Hegel</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, and the rabbis that wrote the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Talmud</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, make blacks inferior.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-41" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 1.2pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Farrakhan has referred to Jews, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Arabs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Arabs"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Palestinian Arabs</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Koreans</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_people"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Vietnamese</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> collectively as “bloodsuckers” and maintains that “Murder and lying comes easy for white people.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-42" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-42">[43]</a></sup> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">“Cokely spoke the truth” and [Jews protested] “because the truth hurts. I know this man Cokely. I know if he said it, he got the stuff to back it up.” — Chicago Sun Times, May 10, 1988, concerning statements by Chicago Black activist and former municipal official Steve Cokely asserting that Jews engaged in an international conspiracy to take over the world, and that Jewish doctors deliberately injected black children with the AIDS virus..” <sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-43" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan#cite_note-43">[44]</a></sup> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">William Ayers:</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Ayers was tapped by Chicago Mayor </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Daley"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Richard M. Daley</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> to shape that city’s now nationally-renowned school reform program.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Daley-23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Daley-23">[24]</a></sup> Since 1999 he has served on the board of directors of the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://www.woodsfund.org/" href="http://www.woodsfund.org/"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #3366bb;">Woods Fund of Chicago</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, an anti-</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">poverty</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">philanthropic</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit_organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_%28nonprofit_organization%29"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">foundation</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> established in 1941. This became </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers_election_controversy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers_election_controversy"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">controversial</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> in the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election%2C_2008"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">2008 United States presidential election</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, as </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Barack Obama</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"> had served on the board until 2002, with overlapping times of service with Ayers.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Fusco-24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Fusco-24">[25]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Radical history</span></span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Ayers became involved in the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Left" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Left"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">New Left</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(1960_organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_%281960_organization%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Students for a Democratic Society</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> (SDS).<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup> He rose to national prominence as an SDS leader in 1968 and 1969. As head of an SDS regional group, the “Jesse James Gang”, Ayers made decisive contributions to the Weatherman orientation toward militancy.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3">[4]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The groups Ayers headed in Detroit and Michigan became one of the earliest gatherings of what became the Weatherman. Between the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago and the June 1969 SDS convention, Ayers became a prominent leader of the group, which arose as a result of a schism in SDS.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3">[4]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">“During that time his infatuation with street fighting grew and he developed a language of confrontational militancy that became more and more extreme over the year [1969]“, former Weatherman member Cathy Wilkerson wrote in 2001. Before this time, Ayers had become a roomate of and strong influence on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Robbins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Robbins"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Terry Robbins</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, who was two years younger and “came to idolize him”, Wilkerson wrote. From the summer of 1968 to summer 1969, the pair worked closely together, “appearing inseparable at most SDS conventions and meetings”, she wrote. The two competed over things small and large, “including the ability to come up with quick one-liners, quirky names, sexual conquests, street fighting ability, and eventually the ability to talk tough”, she wrote. As Ayers started glorifying violence more and more, Robbins was affected by it. “But while Ayers, according to what he writes, knew that his language, which increasingly glorified violence, was just show, Robbins was one of those who really believed all of it.” Robbins would later be killed in a famous Weatherman explosion.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In June 1969, the Weatherman took control of the SDS at its national convention, where Ayers was elected “Education Secretary”.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dbjsh-3">[4]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Later in 1969, Ayers participated in planting a bomb at a statue dedicated to police casualties in the 1886 </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Riot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Riot"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Haymarket Riot</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Jacobs-6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Jacobs-6">[7]</a></sup> The blast broke almost 100 windows and blew pieces of the statue onto the nearby Kennedy Expressway.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7">[8]</a></sup> The statue was rebuilt and unveiled on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_4"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">May 4</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">1970</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, and blown up again by Weatherman on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_6"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">October 6</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">1970</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-8" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-8">[9]</a><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7">[8]</a></sup> Built yet again, the city posted a 24-hour police guard to prevent another blast.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Avrich431-7">[8]</a></sup> He participated in the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Rage" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Rage"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Days of Rage</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> riot in Chicago that October, and in December was at the “War Council” meeting in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint%2C_Michigan"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Flint, Michigan</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">The following year he “went underground” with several associates after the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village_townhouse_explosion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village_townhouse_explosion"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Greenwich Village townhouse explosion</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, in which caused the death of Weatherman member </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Gold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Gold"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Ted Gold</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> as well as Ayers’ close friend, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Robbins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Robbins"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Terry Robbins</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, and Ayers girlfriend, Oughton, were killed while a </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_bomb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_bomb"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">nail bomb</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> was under construction. </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kathy Boudin</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy_Wilkerson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy_Wilkerson"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Cathy Wilkerson</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> survived the blast. Ayers was not facing criminal charges at the time, but the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">federal government</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> later filed charges against him.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dtct091601-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dtct091601-0">[1]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">While underground, he and fellow member </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Bernardine Dohrn</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> married, and the two remained fugitives together, changing identities, jobs and locations. By 1976 or 1977, with federal charges against both fugitives dropped due to </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutorial_misconduct" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutorial_misconduct"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">prosecutorial misconduct</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, Ayers was ready to turn himself in to authorities, but Dohrn remained reluctant until after she gave birth to two sons, one born in 1977, the other in 1980. “He was sweet and patient, as he always is, to let me come to my senses on my own”, she later said.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dtct091601-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-dtct091601-0">[1]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Ayers and Dohrn later became legal guardians to the son of former Weathermen </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilbert" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilbert"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">David Gilbert</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kathy Boudin</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> after the boy’s parents were arrested for their part in the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_(1981)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_%281981%29"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Brinks Robbery of 1981</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Smith-9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers#cite_note-Smith-9">[10]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;">Bernardine Rae Dohrn</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;">Bernardine Rae Dohrn</span></strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black;"> (born <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_12"><span style="color: #002bb8;">January 12</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1942</span></a>) is a former leader of the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1969</span></a>–<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1980</span></a> radical leftist organization <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_%28organization%29">Weather Underground</a>.<span> </span>Dohrn became one of the leaders of the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Revolutionary Youth Movement</span></a> (RYM), a radical wing of <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(1960_organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_%281960_organization%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Students for a Democratic Society</span></a> (SDS), in the late 1960s. The ninth annual national SDS conference was held in Chicago in June 18-22, 1969, and the SDS collapsed in an <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(1960_organization)#Climax_and_disintegration:_1968.E2.80.931969" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_%281960_organization%29#Climax_and_disintegration:_1968.E2.80.931969"><span style="color: #002bb8;">RYM-led upheaval</span></a>. In July 1969, Dohrn, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Raskin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Raskin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Eleanor Raskin</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dianne_Donghi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dianne_Donghi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Dianne Donghi</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Clapp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Clapp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Peter Clapp</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Millstone&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Millstone&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><span style="color: #cc2200;">David Millstone</span></a> and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Oughton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Oughton"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Diana Oughton</span></a>, all representing “<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_%28organization%29">Weatherman</a>“, as Dohrn’s faction was now called, traveled to Cuba and met with representatives of the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnamese" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnamese"><span style="color: #002bb8;">North Vietnamese</span></a> and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Cuban</span></a> governments.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Dohrn has been criticized for a comment she made about the recent </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Charles Manson</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> led Tate-LaBianca murders in a speech during the December 1969 “War Council” meeting organized by the Weathermen and attended by about 400 people in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint%2C_Michigan"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Flint, Michigan</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">: “Dig it! First they killed those pigs and then they put a fork in their bellies. Wild!” Dohrn also charged that her fellow left-wingers showed themselves to be scared “honkies” for not burning down Chicago when </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panthers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panthers"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Black Panther</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> leader </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hampton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hampton"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Fred Hampton</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> was killed, and urged her audience to arm themselves and be “a fighting force alongside the blacks.” At this point, two months after the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Rage" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_of_Rage"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Days of Rage</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, the new Weatherman organization had not used guns or bombs.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-lfnyt112281-5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-lfnyt112281-5">[6]</a></sup> Dohrn’s husband, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Bill Ayers</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> has written that Dohrn was being ironic when she made the statement:<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-bablog-6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-bablog-6">[7]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">I didn’t hear that exactly, but words that were close enough I guess. Her speech was focused on the murder just days earlier of our friend Fred Hampton, the Black Panther leader [...] She linked Fred’s murder to the murders of other Panthers around the country, to the assassinations of </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Malcolm X</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Patrice Lumumba</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, the CIA attempts on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Fidel’s</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> life, and then to the ongoing terror in Viet Nam. “This is the state of the world,” she cried. “This is what screams out for our attention and our response. And what do we find in our newspapers? A sick fascination with a story that has it all: a racist psycho, a killer cult, and a chorus line of Hollywood bodies. Dig it! …” </span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">Later radical history</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_%28organization%29"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">The Weathermen</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, as they were known colloquially, conducted a series of bombings against the US government throughout the early 1970s, bombing several federal buildings. Dohrn is a principal signatory on the group’s “Declaration of a State of War” (1970) that formally declared war on the U.S. Government, and completed the group’s transformation from political advocacy to violent action. Dohrn also co-wrote and published the subversive manifesto <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Fire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_Fire"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Prairie Fire</span></a></em> (1974), and participated in the covertly-filmed <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_(documentary_film)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_%28documentary_film%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Underground</span></a></em> (1976).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">After the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village_townhouse_explosion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Village_townhouse_explosion"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Greenwich Village townhouse explosion</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, the accidental detonation of a bomb being made that killed three of the members, all members of Weatherman went </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_culture"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">underground</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and the group took on its last and most famous title, the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_%28organization%29"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Weather Underground</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">. The Weathermen and Weather Underground were suspected in various bombings — police cars, the National Guard Association building, the U.S. Capitol and the Pentagon. Dohrn allegedly participated in many of </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_(organization)#Chronology_of_events" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weatherman_%28organization%29#Chronology_of_events"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">the group’s revolutionary activities</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-nsnyt120580-8" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-nsnyt120580-8">[9]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In late 1975, the Weather Underground put out an issue of a magazine, <em>Osawatamie</em>, which carried an article by Dohrn, “Our Class Struggle”, described as a speech given to the organization’s cadres on September 2 of that year. In the article, Dohrn clearly stated support for </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Communist</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> ideology:<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-fbi74-9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-fbi74-9">[10]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 1.2pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">We are building a communist organization to be part of the forces which build a revolutionary communist party to lead the working class to seize power and build socialism. [...] We must further the study of </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism-Leninism"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Marxism-Leninism</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> within the WUO [Weather Underground Organization]. The struggle for Marxism-Leninism is the most significant development in our recent history. [...] We discovered thru [sic] our own experiences what revolutionaries all over the world have found — that Marxism-Leninism is the science of revolution, the revolutionary ideology of the working class, our guide to the struggle.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">According to a 1974 FBI study of the group, Dohrn’s article signaled a developing commitment to Marxism-Leninism that had not been clear in the groups previous statements, despite trips to Cuba by some members of the group before and after Weather Underground was formed, and contact with Vietnamese communists there.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-fbi74-9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-fbi74-9">[10]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">While on the run from police, Dohrn married another Weatherman leader </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Bill Ayers</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, with whom she has two children. During the last years of their underground life, Dohrn and Ayers resided in the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Square,_Chicago" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Square%2C_Chicago"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Logan Square neighborhood of Chicago</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, where they used the aliases Christine Louise Douglas and Anthony J. Lee. <sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-nsnyt120580-8" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-nsnyt120580-8">[9]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In the late 1970s, the Weatherman group split into two factions — the “May 19 Coalition” and the “Prairie Fire Collective” — with Dohrn and Ayers in the latter. The Prairie Fire Collective favored coming out of hiding, with members facing the criminal charges against them, while the May 19 Coalition continued in hiding. A decisive factor in Dohrn’s coming out of hiding were her concerns about her children.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-lfnyt112281-5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-lfnyt112281-5">[6]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">The couple turned themselves in to authorities in 1980. While some charges relating to their activities with the Weathermen were dropped due to governmental misconduct,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-10" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-10">[11]</a></sup> Dohrn pled guilty to charges of aggravated battery and bail jumping, receiving probation.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-11" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup> <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">She later served less than a year of jail time, after refusing to testify against ex-Weatherman <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Rosenberg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Rosenberg"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Susan Rosenberg</span></a> in an armed robbery cas</span></strong>e.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn#cite_note-12">[13]</a></sup> Shortly after turning themselves in, Dohrn and Ayers became legal guardians of the son of former members of the Weather Underground, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Boudin"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kathy Boudin</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilbert" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gilbert"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">David Gilbert</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, after they were convicted of murder for their roles in a 1981 </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_(1981)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_%281981%29"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">armored car robbery</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">Note: During the armored car robbery the First black police officer on the force was killed.<span> </span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Waverly L. Brown</span></strong><span style="color: black;">(<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1935</span></a>-<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1981</span></a>) was an <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyack,_New_York" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyack%2C_New_York"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Nyack, New York</span></a> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officer"><span style="color: #002bb8;">police officer</span></a> who was killed in the line of duty during an infamous <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_(1981)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_robbery_%281981%29">1981 armed robbery</a> of a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Brinks</span></a> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored_car_(valuables)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored_car_%28valuables%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Armored Car</span></a>, along with fellow Nyack officer <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O'Grady" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O%27Grady"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Edward O’Grady</span></a> and Brinks security guard Peter Paige. The event garnered national headlines and led the arrest and imprisonment of several people involved, many of whom were members of the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_Underground" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_Underground">Weather Underground</a> and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Liberation_Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Liberation_Army"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Black Liberation Army</span></a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black;">Prior to his law enforcement career, Brown served in the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">United States Air Force</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> and participated in the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Korean War</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">. In 1966, he became the first </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">African American</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> member of Nyack’s police department</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://frontpagemag.com/articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=9508" href="http://frontpagemag.com/articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=9508"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #3366bb;">[1]</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">. By 1981, he had served with the department for 15 years. Nicknamed “Chipper”, he was well liked by his fellow officers, and often cooked meals for them during his shift</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://www.ogradybrown.com/" href="http://www.ogradybrown.com/"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #3366bb;">[2]</span></a></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly_Brown" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly_Brown"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly_Brown</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Frank Marshall Davis</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Frank Marshall Davis</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> (<a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_31"><span style="color: #002bb8;">December 31</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1905</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_City"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Arkansas City</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Kansas</span></a>; <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26"><span style="color: #002bb8;">July 26</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1987</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honolulu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honolulu"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Honolulu</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Hawaii</span></a>) was an <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"><span style="color: #002bb8;">American</span></a> <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist"><span style="color: #002bb8;">journalist</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poet"><span style="color: #002bb8;">poet</span></a> and political and labor movement <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist"><span style="color: #002bb8;">activist</span></a>. He was investigated for his links with the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_party" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_party"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Communist party</span></a> in the United States.<sup> </sup><span> </span>In 1950, the congressional <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee"><span style="color: #002bb8;">House Un-American Activities Committee</span></a> accused Davis of involvement in several communist-front organizations. The committee concluded that the Honolulu Record “is a front for the Communist Party, despite the fact that the paper does not make this admission.” (Report at p. 12) <sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-HR-9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-HR-9">[10]</a></sup> The committee’s report on the Honolulu Record states the following about Davis:</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f9f9f9 none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mr. Davis’ column defends Communists and attacks capitalism with the same vigor as columns appearing regularly in the Daily Worker and other frankly Communist publications. Typical of Mr. Davis’ remarks are the following: “Democracy today lies weak and slowly dying from the poison administered by the divident doctors in Washington and Wall Street who have fooled a trusting public into believing that they are the specialists who would save us from the dread diseases of socialism and communism. . . . They hope to hand us fascism disguised as the healed democracy.” (Honolulu Record, July 28, 1949, p. 8). Mr. Davis constantly defended the 11 top United States Communist officials recently convicted in New York on charges of conspiracy to advocate the overthrow of the Government by force and violence. One of Mr. Davis’ comments on the case was as follows : “I feel strong sympathy for the Communist minority who are being oppressed for their political beliefs.” (Honolulu Record, October 20, 1949, p. 6). When Mr. Davis’ column first appeared in the Record in May 1949, the Record boasted that the author was a member of the national executive board of the Civil Rights Congress. The organization is cited as Communist by Attorney General </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Clark" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Clark"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Tom Clark</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"> as well as by the Committee on Un-American Activities. Mr. Davis has signed a number of statements in behalf of Communists under the sponsorship of the Civil Rights Congress; one of these defended was Gerhart Eisler, notorious Communist international agent who escaped jailing for passport fraud by fleeing to the Soviet sector of Germany. Other front organizations of the Communist Party with which Mr. Davis has associated include : American Youth for Democracy, Abraham Lincoln School, National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, League of American Writers, the National Negro Congress, and the Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-HR-9" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-HR-9">[10]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.1in; padding: 0pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Purported link between Davis and Barack Obama</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In his autobiographical <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Dreams from My Father</span></a></em>, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">U.S. Senator</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Democratic Party</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> presidential candidate </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Barack Obama</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> wrote about “Frank”, a friend of his grandfather’s. “Frank” told Obama that they both grew up only 50 miles apart, near </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita%2C_Kansas"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Wichita</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, although they did not meet until Hawaii, and told him about the days of </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Jim Crow</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kansas</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">. As Obama remembered, “It made me smile, thinking back on Frank and his old </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Power"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Black Power</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashiki" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashiki"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">dashiki</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> self. In some ways he was as incurable as my mother, as certain in his faith, living in the same </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">sixties</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> time warp that Hawaii had created.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-11" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Gerald Horne, a professor, writer, Communist Party historian and contributing editor of <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Affairs_Magazine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Affairs_Magazine"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Political Affairs</span></a></em>, stated that “Frank” was Davis, and further claimed he was a “decisive influence” on Obama.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis#cite_note-12">[13</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Marshall_Davis</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Rashid Khalidi</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.05in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Allegations of PLO connections</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Khalidi has been accused of having ties to the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Palestinian Liberation Organization</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, based on his work for </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafa"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Wafa</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> in the late 1980s. Khalidi has been accused of being “a director of the Palestinian press agency,” publishing an "adulatory book" on the PLO in which he personally thanked </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Yasser Arafat</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-WT7904-14" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-WT7904-14">[15]</a></sup> and acting as an advisor to the Palestinian delegation during peace negotiations.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-LAT-041008-15" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-LAT-041008-15">[16]</a></sup> Khalidi denied the allegation that he served as a PLO spokesman.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-AriBermanCBS-16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-AriBermanCBS-16">[17]</a></sup> Khalidi explained that he often spoke to journalists in Beirut, and was usually cited, without attribution, as a well-informed Palestinian source. He also said that he was unaware of any misidentification as a PLO spokesman.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-WT7904-14" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi#cite_note-WT7904-14">[15]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">The claim received renewed attention in 2008 when it was raised due to a reported friendship between Democratic presidential candidate </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Barack Obama</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and Khalidi’s family when Khalidi taught at the University of Chicago. Articles by </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klein" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klein"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Aaron Klein</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bachelor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bachelor"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">John Bachelor</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, writers respectively for conservative outlets <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Net_Daily" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Net_Daily"><span style="color: #002bb8;">World Net Daily</span></a></em> and <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Events" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Events"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Human Events</span></a></em>, were referenced by rival political campaigns and reprinted in wider-circulation media.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Father Michael Pfleger</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Michael Louis Pfleger</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> (born <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_22"><span style="color: #002bb8;">May 22</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949"><span style="color: #002bb8;">1949</span></a><sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-A-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-A-0">[1]</a></sup>) is a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_priest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_priest"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Roman Catholic priest</span></a> and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_justice"><span style="color: #002bb8;">social activist</span></a> in <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Chicago</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Illinois</span></a>.<strong></strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Pfleger’s social activism has brought him attention throughout Chicago and beyond. He has often collaborated and associated with African American religious, political and social activists such as </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Jeremiah Wright</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lowery"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Joseph Lowery</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Jackson"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Jesse Jackson</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornel_West" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornel_West"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Cornel West</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, and </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Louis Farrakhan</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">On </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_28"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">March 28</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">2008</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, Pfleger invited </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Jeremiah Wright</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, former pastor of presidential candidate </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Barack Obama</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, to deliver a blessing at Saint Sabina during a visit by poet </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Maya Angelou</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">. Wright had been criticized by political pundits for making what they considered anti-American statements in a sermon, but Pfleger came to Wright’s defense. “I wanted him to come here so he could see that people really stand with him and support him while he’s under all this attack. America, unfortunately, has been really cheated of knowing the real Dr. Wright,” said Pfleger.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-14" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup> In a statement on Saint Sabina’s website, Pfleger wrote, “Dr. Wright is one of the great biblical scholars of our country and the best of preachers in the prophetic tradition. Dr. Wright has been shamefully demonized by 30 second sound bites that have tried to re-define him into someone other than who he is.”</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0.05in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Controversy during 2008 presidential election</span></span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">May 25</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Pfleger gave a sermon at </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_United_Church_of_Christ" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_United_Church_of_Christ"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Trinity United Church of Christ</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, then the church of Presidential candidate </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Barack Obama</span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, where he mocked </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Hillary Clinton</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Obama’s opponent for the </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Democratic Party</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> nomination. Pfleger imitated Clinton by saying, “I really believe that she just always thought, ‘This is mine. I’m Bill’s wife. I’m white, and this is mine. I just gotta get up and step into the plate.’ Then out of nowhere came, ‘Hey, I’m Barack Obama,’ and she said, ‘Oh, damn! Where did you come from? I’m white. I’m entitled. There’s a black man stealing my show!’”</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">After hearing about Pfleger’s remarks, Obama said he was “deeply disappointed in Father Pfleger’s divisive, backward-looking rhetoric”. Pfleger later released a statement through St. Sabina that read, “I regret the words I chose Sunday. These words are inconsistent with Sen. Obama’s life and message, and I am deeply sorry if they offended Sen. Clinton or anyone else who saw them.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-20" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-20">[21]</a></sup> On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_31" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_31"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">May 31</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Obama resigned his membership in Trinity Church, saying that his campaign had caused the church to receive excessive media attention.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-21" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-21">[22]</a></sup> On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_1"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">June 1</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, Pfleger released a longer apology to the St. Sabina parish regarding the incident and its aftermath.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-22">[23]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_3"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">June 3</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, Cardinal George asked Pfleger to take a temporary </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave_of_absence" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave_of_absence"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">leave of absence</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> from St. Sabina. George said in a statement, “I have asked Father Michael Pfleger, Pastor of St. Sabina’s Parish, to step back from his obligations there and take leave for a couple of weeks from his pastoral duties, effective today. Fr. Pfleger does not believe this to be the right step at this time. While respecting his disagreement, I have nevertheless asked him to use this opportunity to reflect on his recent statements and actions in the light of the Church’s regulations for all Catholic priests. I hope that this period will also be a time away from the public spotlight and for rest and attention to family concerns.”<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger#cite_note-23">[24]</a></sup> Pfleger resumed his parish duties on </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_16"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">June 16</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2008</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">George Soros: Obama and Move on Supporter</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">George Soros</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> (pronounced </span><span class="ipa1"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">/</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #002bb8;">ˈ</span><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">s</span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">ɔ</span><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ro</span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">ʊ</span><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">s/</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> or <span class="ipa1">/</span></span></span><span class="ipa1"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">ˈ</span></span><span class="ipa1"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">s</span></span></span><span class="ipa1"><span style="font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: black;">ɔ</span></span><span class="ipa1"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">rəs/</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> Hungarian IPA: </span><span class="ipa1"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">[</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #002bb8;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">ʃ</span><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">oro</span></span><span style="font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">ʃ</span><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">]</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">) (born </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_12"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">August 12</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">1930</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Budapest</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Hungary</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, as <strong>György Schwartz</strong>) is a </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Hungarian</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">-born </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">American</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculation"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">financial speculator</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_investor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_investor"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">stock investor</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropist"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">philanthropist</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activism"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">political activist</span></span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-2" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Currently, he is the chairman of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soros_Fund_Management" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soros_Fund_Management"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Soros Fund Management</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> and the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Institute" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Institute"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Open Society Institute</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> and is also a former member of the Board of Directors of the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Council on Foreign Relations</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">. According to his own website, Soros claims his support for the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Solidarity</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> labour movement in </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Poland</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, as well as the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Czechoslovak</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">human rights</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> organization </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_77" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_77"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Charter 77</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">, contributed to ending </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Soviet Union</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> political dominance in those countries.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup> His funding and organization of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28country%29"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Georgia’s</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Rose Revolution</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> was considered by Russian and </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Western</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> observers to have been crucial to its success, although Soros said his role has been “greatly exaggerated.” In the United States, he is known for having donated large sums of money in a failed effort to defeat President </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">George W. Bush’s</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> bid for re-election in 2004. On </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BookTV" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BookTV"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">BookTV</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_12" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_12"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">November 12</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">2007</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, he said that he supports </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;;">Barack Obama</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> for the Democratic candidate in the 2008 election, but says that </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edwards" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edwards"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">John Edwards</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Hillary Clinton</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, or </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Joe Biden</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> are all fine candidates, as well. Soros is famously known for “breaking the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_England"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Bank of England</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">” on </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Wednesday" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Wednesday"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Black Wednesday</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> in 1992. With an estimated </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_of_2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_of_2007"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">current</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> net worth of around $8.5 billion, he is ranked by <em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Forbes</span></a></em> as the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_billionaires_(2007)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_billionaires_%282007%29"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">80th-richest person in the world</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-forbesbillion-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-forbesbillion-0">[1]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">In April 2008, Soros hosted an event in his apartment that had guests such as </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brock"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">David Brock</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> of the self-described progressive watchdog group </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Matters" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Matters"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Media Matters</span></a></span><span style="color: black;"> and liberal commentator </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Begala" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Begala"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Paul Begala</span></a></span><span style="color: black;">. Brock described that the plan intends to raise $40 million to run political attack advertisements against the presumptive Republican nominee, Senator </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">John McCain</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, through a group called The Fund for America and Progressive Media, whose key backer, according to </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico.com" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico.com"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">politico.com</span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">, is Soros. <sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-35" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup> Commentator </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_O'Reilly_(commentator)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_%28commentator%29"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&quot;; color: #002bb8;">Bill O’Reilly</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">, who on numerous occasions has accused Soros of secretly backing what O’Reilly feels are “far-left” political causes, repeated Soros “wants to buy America” after learning about the event.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Acorn Community Org</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Obama did legal worked for them and he also was one of their community organizers in Chicago.<span> </span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="color: black;">ACORN</span></strong><span style="color: black;">, the <strong>Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now</strong>, a <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_organizing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_organizing"><span style="color: #002bb8;">community organization</span></a> of low- and moderate-income families that addresses housing, schools, neighborhood safety, health care, job conditions, and other social issues that affect its members. With a membership of over 350,000, ACORN is organized into more than 850 neighborhood chapters in over 100 cities across the United States, as well as in <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Argentina</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Canada</span></a>, <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Mexico</span></a>, and <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Peru</span></a>. The organization was born out of the <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955-1968)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement_%281955-1968%29"><span style="color: #002bb8;">American Civil Rights Movement</span></a>. ACORN was founded in 1970 by <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Rathke" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Rathke"><span style="color: #002bb8;">Wade Rathke</span></a>, George Wiley, and Gary Delgado.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-0" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup> Maude Hurd has been National President of ACORN since 1990.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><span style="color: black;"><span> </span>Allegations of election fraud</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_7" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_7"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">September 7</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2004</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, a </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%2C_Ohio"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Columbus, Ohio</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_jury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_jury"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">grand jury</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictment" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictment"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">indicted</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> ACORN employee and </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">felony</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">parolee</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> Kevin Eugene Dooley for </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">election</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">fraud</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">. The indictment charges Dooley </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">forged</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> a signature to a voter registration form.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-14" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">During the 2004 election, an ACORN member named Mac Stuart was working for ACORN’s voter registration effort in Miami-Dade County. Stuart reported seeing ACORN workers copying voter registration forms, which is illegal under Florida law, and segregating voter registration forms for Republicans that were not subsequently turned into the County. After Stuart reported these irregularities to the election officials, ACORN fired him. Stuart filed suit against ACORN in May, 2005 for wrongful termination. ACORN countersued for defamation. Stuart’s lawsuit was dismissed on the grounds that he couldn’t prove he was terminated for reporting the allegations of fraud to the authorities and his allegations of fraud were ruled by the judge as baseless (this was the last of three fraud cases related to the 2004 elections brought against Florida ACORN all of which were dismissed).<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-SPTIMES_Fraud-15" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-SPTIMES_Fraud-15">[16]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In August 2004 a lawsuit was filed in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque%2C_New_Mexico"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Albuquerque</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> alleging that </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">New Mexico</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> Secretary of State Rebecca Vigil-Giron improperly exempted individuals who registered to vote through canvassers from requirements that some new registrants submit ID at polling places.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-WSJ_Ballots-16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-WSJ_Ballots-16">[17]</a></sup> In a court case, ACORN director Matt Henderson invoked his Fifth Amendment rights when asked if his group made illegal copies of voter registration cards before submitting them. The </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque_Tribune" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque_Tribune"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Albuquerque Tribune</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> claims he told them this was done.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-WSJ_Ballots-16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-WSJ_Ballots-16">[17]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">In January 2005 two ex-ACORN workers were convicted in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver%2C_Colorado"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Denver</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> of </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjury"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">perjury</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> for submitting false voter registrations.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-17" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup> Some other investigations responding to fraud allegations ended in Colorado, Wisconsin,<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-SPTIMES_Fraud-15" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-SPTIMES_Fraud-15">[16]</a></sup> and Ohio after finding no evidence of pervasive voter fraud.<sup>[<em><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span style="color: #002bb8;">citation needed</span></a></em>]</sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">November 1</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2006</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, four part time ACORN employees were indicted in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City%2C_Missouri"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Kansas City, Missouri</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> for voter registration fraud, after being caught, fired, and turned in by ACORN. Federal indictments allege two counts each of voter registration fraud. Prosecutors said the indictments are part of a national investigation.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-kcindictments-18" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-kcindictments-18">[19]</a></sup> ACORN said in a press release that it is in large part responsible in these individuals being caught, and has cooperated and publicly supported efforts to look into the validity of the allegations.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-19" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-19">[20]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 6pt; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">ACORN was investigated in 2006 for submitting false voter registrations in </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%2C_Missouri"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">St. Louis, Missouri</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">. 1,492 fraudulent voter registrations were identified, some from the dead and others for underage voters who were not aware they had been registered by ACORN.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-20" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-20">[21]</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">ACORN was investigated in 2007 by </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_County,_Washington" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_County%2C_Washington"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">King County, Washington</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;"> for filing false registrations. An elections department employee called 400 phone numbers that were provided on the cards from a sample of those turned in by ACORN. Of the 400 phone numbers, only two were good, and both people denied filling out voter registration cards. The registrations were turned in after the deadline to register and the registrations were not processed for the 2006 election.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-21" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-21">[22]</a></sup> On </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_26"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">July 26</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">, </span><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="color: #002bb8;"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">2007</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">, felony charges were filed against seven ACORN employees including supervisors for filing 1762 false registrations.<sup><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now#cite_note-22">[</a></sup></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 4.8pt 0pt 0.1in; background: #f8fcff none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 18pt;"><span style="color: black;"><a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now</span></a></span></p>
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<h3 id="comments">5 Responses to “A List of Obama’s Friends and Associates”</h3>
<ol class="commentlist snap_preview">
<li id="comment-2114" class="byuser comment-author-tehbloggaar even alt"> <img class="avatar avatar-tehbloggaar avatar-32" src="http://a.wordpress.com/avatar/tehbloggaar-32.jpg" alt="" width="32" height="32" /> <cite><a rel="external nofollow" href="http://tehbloggaar.tumblr.com/">tehbloggaar</a></cite> Says:<br />
<small class="commentmetadata"><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/a-list-of-obamas-friends-and-associates/#comment-2114">June 19, 2008 at 7:11 pm</a> </small>I think Obama would be a very poor choice and will send America into chaos. Check out these two blogs on both of them. It’s a collection of blog posts and videos from around the web about the elections and the crooks running for office.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://nobama.tumblr.com/">NObama.tumblr.com</a></li>
<li id="comment-2115" class="odd"> <img class="avatar avatar-32" src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/9608129b483f6256f240064336eeec30?s=32&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif" alt="" width="32" height="32" /> <cite>Jennifer</cite> Says:<br />
<small class="commentmetadata"><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/a-list-of-obamas-friends-and-associates/#comment-2115">June 20, 2008 at 12:38 am</a> </small>I felt bad for Hillary. Now I feel bad for John McCain and, in fact, anyone who will run against Obama. Besides Obama’s questionable associates, there are alot of other “dirty politics” he continues to play. Now he does not honor his pledge to take public financing and so he will be able to raise as much as $500 million in the last two months of his campaign, a definite and increasing money war chest and a definite advantage over his opponent who sticks to the pledge he made on accepting public funding. t. With Obama, so far it seems “dirty politics” of lying, evasion, etc. combined with an aggressive campaign of “change” and criticizing and blaming his opponent and the present administration for all the problems today helps pave his way to the White House, especially as there is so little the public really knows about him in the relatively short time he has been in the national spotlight. Now he can also get the opportunity to BUY his way into the White House. I hope that facts will start getting out and that he will have to answer for the things he is evading AND that the mainstream media stops contributing to the illusionary image of this man that the public and the voters are being asked to buy into.</li>
<li id="comment-2121" class="byuser comment-author-goodtimepolitics even alt"> <img class="avatar avatar-goodtimepolitics avatar-32" src="http://a.wordpress.com/avatar/goodtimepolitics-32.jpg" alt="" width="32" height="32" /> <cite>goodtimepolitics</cite> Says:<br />
<small class="commentmetadata"><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/a-list-of-obamas-friends-and-associates/#comment-2121">June 20, 2008 at 2:26 pm</a> </small>Not only all those things, but how about this, would not all pastors and churches be guilty not just the ones that back John McCain! How much more will the American people take before they stop and smell the roses! Obama is trouble!<br />
I don’t know who made the list of Obama friends above but thanks you did one heck of a job!<br />
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://goodtimepolitics.com/2008/06/20/freedom-of-expression-vs-separation-of-church-and-state/">http://goodtimepolitics.com/2008/06/20/freedom-of-expression-vs-separation-of-church-and-state/</a></li>
<li id="comment-2129" class="odd"> <img class="avatar avatar-32" src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/90130406a03d3cc43e1047369bb29e3c?s=32&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif" alt="" width="32" height="32" /> <cite>Ryan</cite> Says:<br />
<small class="commentmetadata"><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/a-list-of-obamas-friends-and-associates/#comment-2129">June 21, 2008 at 12:57 am</a> </small>Finding out he worked for Acorn it made perfect sense why there was so many problems with the caucuses. This guy is the worlds best liar and now he puts himself out there going I am not taking the money and keep my word! Oh hell NO! I like to spend like mad and so why limit myself? He is so not cool!</li>
<li id="comment-2302" class="even alt"> <img class="avatar avatar-32" src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6f366eeaf08f6b8d26e03fe44f749335?s=32&amp;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs.wordpress.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif" alt="" width="32" height="32" /> <cite><a rel="external nofollow" href="http://www.fathershouseofrefuge.com/">soulwarriorone</a></cite> Says:<br />
<small class="commentmetadata"><a href="http://obamawho.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/a-list-of-obamas-friends-and-associates/#comment-2302">July 12, 2008 at 8:20 pm</a> </small>amazing list…awesome job!!<br />
Shouldn’t Soros be right at the top, tho? lol<br />
thanks for posting this!</li>
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		<title>Liberal intimidation tactic may be illegal</title>
		<link>http://www.jameshochberglaw.com/articles/?p=7</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Aug 2008 20:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Liberal intimidation tactic may be illegal Jeff Johnson &#8211; OneNewsNow &#8211; 8/15/2008 8:15:00 AM A public-interest law firm wants the Department of Justice to investigate a new liberal political group that is allegedly threatening donors to conservative advocacy organizations. The official-looking document comes on the letterhead of &#8220;Accountable America&#8221; and begins with the large, ominous [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="StoryTitle" class="storytitle">Liberal intimidation tactic may be illegal</p>
<div id="reporter" class="reporter">Jeff Johnson &#8211; OneNewsNow &#8211; 8/15/2008 8:15:00 AM<span style="vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 25px;"><a onclick="addthis_url = location.href; addthis_title = document.title; return addthis_click(this);" href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php" target="_blank"><img src="http://s9.addthis.com/button1-addthis.gif" border="0" alt="Bookmark and Share" width="125" height="16" /></a><script type="text/javascript">var addthis_pub = 'onenewsnow';</script><script src="http://s9.addthis.com/js/widget.php?v=10" type="text/javascript"></script></span></div>
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<p align="left"><img title="Accountable America letter" src="http://www.onenewsnow.com/uploadedImages/Media/Images/Accountable_America_ltr.jpg" border="0" alt="Accountable America letter" hspace="3" vspace="3" width="317" height="202" align="right" />A public-interest law firm wants the Department of Justice to investigate a new liberal political group that is allegedly threatening donors to conservative advocacy organizations.</p>
<p align="left">
<p align="left">The official-looking document comes on the letterhead of &#8220;Accountable America&#8221; and begins with the large, ominous word &#8220;WARNING&#8221; in all capital letters. The document goes on to promise public exposure and criminal investigations of those who financially support conservative political action committees, even though their anonymity is protected by federal law.</p>
<p align="left">Tom Fitton, president of the public-interest law firm <a title="Judicial Watch" href="http://www.judicialwatch.org/" target="_blank">Judicial Watch</a>, says intimidating voters or political donors is illegal. Fitton says his group believes the letter may violate a key, federal civil rights law, popularly known as the &#8220;Ku Klux Klan Act,&#8221; that was passed in the 1870s.</p>
<p>&#8220;[That law] essentially prohibits anyone from conspiring to intimidate any citizen who is lawfully entitled to participate in our elections from working to support or advocate anyone who is running for federal office,&#8221; he explains. &#8220;And we believe these letters are designed to intimidate those who may want to participate in this year&#8217;s election or support conservative groups otherwise.&#8221;</p>
<p>According to a <em>New York Times</em> interview with Accountable America leader Tom Matzzie &#8212; one of the individuals behind the liberal MoveOn.org &#8212; Accountable America is planning to &#8220;confront donors to conservative groups, hoping to create a chilling effect that will dry up contributions.&#8221; Fitton says such intimidation is illegal, and he wants the Department of Justice to investigate.</p>
<p>&#8220;I think the DOJ needs to take enforcement action now,&#8221; the Judicial Watch leader says. &#8220;I mean, this letter to me is enough to begin a federal civil rights investigation into this [group].&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Why is it that this group is able to send a letter out to intimidate people from participating in federal elections? This is what the Ku Klux Klan did in the late 19th Century and this is what that law was designed to prevent.  And it&#8217;s a shame in this modern era that there&#8217;s a group mimicking these intimidation-like tactics, which is threatening people if they participate in our politics.&#8221;</p>
<p>Fitton was asked if Accountable America is disclosing who their supporters are.</p>
<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t think they are &#8212; [but] they&#8217;re not required to under the law, and neither are the groups on the other side who are conservative,&#8221; he acknowledges. &#8220;They&#8217;re essentially just making threats up out of whole cloth in terms of accountability.&#8221;</p>
<p>And Fitton has no problem with demanding accountability &#8212; provided it is done in a lawful and proper manner, he says. &#8220;[I]t&#8217;s one thing to demand accountability, and it&#8217;s another thing to intimidate people from participating in our elections as they&#8217;re able to and entitled to under our U.S. Constitution,&#8221; he states.</p>
<p>On its website, Accountable America describes itself as a &#8220;non-partisan, non-profit&#8221; group that does not seek to elect or defeat candidates or endorse candidates for federal office. &#8220;Accountable America works to stop the outrageous policies of right-wing and special interests in Washington,&#8221; it says.</p>
<p>However, one conservative fundraiser said his donors are &#8220;not going to be intimidated by some pipsqueak on the kooky left.&#8221;</p>
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